Timeline
A combined chronological view of all articles and videos documenting the early days of Ethereum.
Timeline
"crypto valley"
In July 2013, Johann Gevers relocated his cryptofinance startup, Monetas (a Bitcoin payment system), to Zug, envisioning it as a "global hub for crypto technologies" modeled after Silicon Valley.
white paper
The original concept for Ethereum, first published by Vitalik Buterin in November 2013.
▶ cointalk 013 - bitcoin decentral launch party!
Bitcoin Decentral is Toronto Canada's first co-working space for Bitcoin and other disruptive technology innovations. We launched to hundreds of eager bitcoin fans who showed up to drink, celebrate crypto currency and check out our two new made in Canada Bitcoin ATM's.
ethereum launches 'cryptocurrency 2.0' network
Ethereum is no altcoin; it is an operating system for altcoin, say developers
ethereum: now going public
Seminal blog post just prior to the North American Bitcoin Conference in Miami at which Ethereum was announced.
taylor gerring photos
A collection of photographs from Taylor Gerring documenting the early days of Ethereum, from the Miami Bitcoin Conference through the team's time in Switzerland.
▶ vitalik buterin reveals ethereum at bitcoin miami 2014
Vitalik Buterin's historic announcement of Ethereum at the North American Bitcoin Conference in Miami, January 26, 2014
▶ gavin wood - ethereum - live - coinscrum - alternative stage - london
Gavin Wood presents Ethereum at Coinscrum Alternative Stage in London, February 2014. Recorded by IamSatoshi, Audio by Aaron Couples.
▶ cointalk 015 – btcmiami debate featuring ethereum, mastercoin and bitshares
In a hybrid episode, CoinTalk and Let's talk bitcoin headed to Sunny South beach Miami to cover the first ever BTC Miami conference. Here we have a debate of giants with Ethereum's Charles Hoskinson, MasterCoin's David Johnston and Invictus Innovations Dan Larimer.
▶ introducing ethereum
Ethereum is a modular, Turing-complete contract scripting system married to a blockchain and developed with a philosophy of simplicity, universality and non-discrimination.
ethereum switzerland gmbh ("EthSuisse")
Ethereum Switzerland GmbH was a for-profit "Ethereum Company" which was incorporated in Zug in February 2014
▶ the upcoming crypto-singularity - coinscrum
Stephan Tual discusses the upcoming crypto-singularity at Coinscrum, March 10, 2014
▶ ethereum – your turn
An excellent tribute video to those involved in the technology that empowers us, Bitcoin, and a bright new future for Ethereum.
ethersphere
GitHub organization that served as the home for early Swarm development
mutan
Mutan was a smart contract language that was created by Jeff Wilcke in the early part of 2014. It was originally called HLL (high level language). As Solidity matured, Mutan was deprecated.
yellow paper
The original formal specification of the Ethereum protocol, created by Gavin Wood in April 2014.
▶ crypto hackathon – bitcoin expo 2014!
Crypto Hackathon at Bitcoin Expo 2014 in Toronto, April 10, 2014
▶ in crypto we trust hackathon pitches - bitcoin expo 2014
In Crypto We Trust Hackathon at Bitcoin Expo 2014 in Toronto, April 10, 2014
bitcoin expo 2014
Event organized by Anthony Di Iorio in Toronto, Canada, in April 2014, which Ethereum sponsored and where many of the team members met each other for the second time.
▶ ethereum booth at the bitcoin expo 2014
Ethereum booth at Bitcoin Expo 2014 in Toronto, April 11, 2014
▶ why i joined ethereum
Charles Hoskinson explains why he joined Ethereum, April 12, 2014
▶ ethereum video background loop for meetup groups and presentations
Ethereum video background loop for meetup groups and presentations
web 3.0 chat: ethereum's gavin wood
Interview with Gavin Wood discussing Web 3.0 and Ethereum
ethereum dev gmbh ("ETHDEV")
Limited-liability company founded in Berlin by Vitalik, Jeff and Gav.
the holy trinity of web3
The original Web3 vision: Ethereum as the world computer's CPU, Swarm as the disk, and Whisper as the messaging layer
daos, dacs, das and more: an incomplete terminology guide
One of the most popular topics in the digital consensus space is the concept of decentralized autonomous entities. However, one hidden problem is that no one even knows what all of these individual terms mean. This article attempts to provide coherent definitions. Smart Contracts A smart contract is the simplest...
▶ what is ethereum?
Stephan Tual (CCO) explains What is Ethereum, June 4, 2014
"red wedding"
The "Red Wedding" was the meeting at Zug in June 2014 where Charles Hoskinson and Amir Chetrit were ejected from the project.
toward a 12-second block time
One of the largest problems in current cryptocurrency implementations is the issue of slow confirmation time. The average amount of time that it takes for a Bitcoin transaction to get into a block is about 10 minutes; in practice, due to how the math works out, on average if you...
stiftung ethereum ("Ethereum Foundation")
Stiftung Ethereum is a non-profit organization which was incorporated in Zug in July 2014. It is more commonly known by its English name - the Ethereum Foundation.
the ethereum project: learning to dream with open minds
"And those who were seen dancing were thought to be insane by those who could not hear the music." Friedrich Nietzsche Ethereum as a project is more than just a technology, even if technology is at its core. In the rush of creating, co-creating and debugging everything you sometimes lose...
launching the ether sale
First of all, I would like to thank the community, and especially those close to the project who have in many cases abandoned their jobs to dedicate their time to it, for their extreme patience regarding the launch of the ether sale. We have been promising that the sale would...
▶ interview with ethereum
Compilation interview of Vitalik Buterin at Central European Bitcoin Expo (CEBE 2014) in Vienna, Austria, on May 31–June 1, 2014, and of Gavin Wood at Bitcoin2014 in Amsterdam, Netherlands, on May 15–17, 2014.
eth dev cic
UK registered non-profit organization incorporated in August 2014
announcement on planned withdrawal from exodus
Now that the first two weeks of the ether sale are over, and over 50 million ETH has been sold, we intend to soon make a transaction to begin using the funds to repay loans and kickstart the process of setting up our development hubs and expanding our staff. We...
building the decentralized web 3.0
how ethereum could shard the web Given the state of our 25-year old web and all the problems inherited from legacy 1970's systems design, we should pause and take inventory of those components which are fundamentally broken. Intersecting this concern with security, privacy, and censorship resistance, it should be painfully...
state of ethereum: august edition
At this point, Ethereum has been in development for over seven months. During that time, we have released five "proof of concept" builds, have a semi-functional prototype of Swarm, a working network stats page, a GUI for contract development, and three independent implementations of the protocol (C++, Go and Python),...
gav's dev update i: where ethereum's at
Gavin Wood's first development update covering the Berlin hub setup, team introductions across Berlin, London, and Silicon Valley, and progress towards Ethereum 1.0
dev amsterdam
The Amsterdam hub of Ethereum ÐΞV, led by Jeff Wilcke, focused on go-ethereum (Geth) and Mist development
gav's ethereum dev update ii
Gavin Wood's second development update covering Whisper prototype, ÐΞVHUB Berlin progress, new team hires, and the first JIT-compiled LLVM-based EVM with 30x speedup
jeff's ethereum dev update i
Jeff Wilcke's first development update covering the Amsterdam hub setup, team introductions, and progress on Mist browser and ethereum.js
ethereum community and adoption update - week 1
Stephan Tual's first community update outlining Ethereum's education, meetup, and community initiatives, including the announcement of new team members.
▶ ethereum presents mist
An introduction to Mist, the Ethereum browser that allows users to interact with decentralized applications, wallets, and smart contracts. This video walks through the Mist interface including the sidebar, app catalog, crowdfunder functionality, and integration with traditional web applications.
gav's ethereum dev update iii
Gavin Wood's third development update announcing new hires (Sven Ehlert, Jutta Steiner, Yann Levreau, Arkadiy Paronyan), Berlin hub progress with Sarah O'Neill, and ÐΞVcon-0 preparations
devcon0
Invitation-only developer conference held in Berlin
▶ ethereum devcon-0 - gavin: welcome! our mission: dapps
Gavin Wood welcomes attendees to DEVCON0, the first Ethereum developer symposium held in Berlin, Germany, from November 24-28, 2014. He discusses the mission of building decentralized applications (ÐApps) on Ethereum.
▶ ethereum devcon-0: how to sell ideas
Discussion on communication strategies, messaging, and marketing approaches for promoting Ethereum and decentralized technology concepts to broader audiences.
▶ ethereum devcon-0 - how will scrum work for us?
Dr Sven Ehlert presents on Scrum - the incremental agile software development framework - and explains how it will be used in Ethereum's development.
proof of stake: how i learned to love weak subjectivity
Proof of stake continues to be controversial, particularly regarding the "nothing at stake" problem. However, the problems are solvable - at a moderate cost. This post explains what that cost is and how to minimize its impact. Economic Sets and Nothing at Stake Consensus algorithms use three main securely decentralized...
▶ ethereum devcon-0: solidity, vision and roadmap
Presentation on Solidity, Ethereum's smart contract programming language, covering its design philosophy, vision for developer experience, and technical roadmap.
▶ ethereum devcon-0: c++ ethereum and emacs
Presentation on the C++ implementation of Ethereum and integration with the Emacs text editor for smart contract development workflows.
▶ ethereum devcon-0: golem
Presentation on Golem, a project exploring distributed computing and resource sharing on the Ethereum network.
▶ ethereum devcon-0 - whisper: the multi dht messaging system with routing privacy. vision & roadmap.
Discussion of Whisper, Ethereum's decentralized messaging protocol with routing privacy, covering its vision and technical roadmap for integration into the Ethereum ecosystem.
▶ ethereum devcon-0: keeping the public record safe and accessible
Discussion on strategies and approaches for maintaining the security and accessibility of Ethereum's public blockchain record for long-term sustainability.
▶ ethereum devcon-0: multi protocol peer network framework: vision and roadmap
Technical presentation on Ethereum's multi-protocol peer-to-peer networking framework, outlining its architecture, vision for extensibility, and development roadmap.
▶ ethereum devcon-0: ethereum 1.x: on blockchain interop and scaling
Technical presentation covering Ethereum 1.x protocol features, focusing on blockchain interoperability and scaling solutions for the growing network.
▶ ethereum devcon-0: the path to the ethereum light client
Technical discussion on the development path for Ethereum light clients, enabling resource-constrained devices to interact with the Ethereum network without running a full node.
▶ ethereum devcon-0: looking at the ethereum ide - mix
Demo and walkthrough of Mix, Ethereum's integrated development environment for creating and testing smart contracts and decentralized applications.
▶ ethereum devcon-0: ethereum 2.0 and beyond
A presentation on Ethereum 2.0 and the future vision for the Ethereum platform, delivered at DEVCON0 in Berlin.
from inside ethereum devhub berlin
Photos from the first day of ÐΞVhub Berlin being open, following ÐΞVcon-0, featuring the team hacking and collaborating
devcon-0 recap
A comprehensive recap of the first Ethereum developer conference held in Berlin from November 24-28, 2014, covering mission, processes, languages, ÐApps, architecture, security, and future blockchain theory
▶ coinscrum and proof of work: tools for the future
Gavin Wood discusses CoinScrum and Proof of Work: Tools for the Future, recorded by IamSatoshi in London 2014
gav's ethereum dev update iv
Gavin Wood's fourth development update following ÐΞVcon-0, announcing new hires (Arkadiy Paronyan, Gustav Simonsson, Dimitry Khokhlov, Jason Colby), ethdev.com launch, Whisper milestone, and stress-testing infrastructure
ethereum dev: what are we doing?
OK so a minor update about what we are (and are not) doing here at Ethereum DEV. We are, first and foremost, developing a robust quasi-Turing-complete blockchain. This is known as Ethereum. Aside from having quasi-Turing-completeness, it delivers on a number of other important considerations, stemming from the fact we...
jeff's ethereum dev update ii
First of all, happy new year! What a year it has been. With a little luck we'll surpass last year with an even more awesome year. It's been too long since I've given an update on my side of things and that of the Go team and mostly due to...
the subjectivity / exploitability tradeoff
Many consensus architectures are robust against attackers up to a certain size, but if an attacker gets large enough, they become exploitable. Can we do better by making protocols not just stable but unexploitable? The Problem with Objectivity Objective protocols can be maintained using only the protocol definition and published...
gav's ethereum dev update v
Gavin Wood's fifth development update covering foundation restructuring, PoC-9 development sprint, proof-of-work algorithm improvements, and preparations for release
the ethereum launch process
I'm Vinay Gupta, the newly minted release coordinator for Ethereum. I've been working with the comms team on strategy, and have now come aboard to help smooth the release process (some of the content in this blog is out of date, please see this link for the most up to...
the ethereum development process
So I'm not sure if this kind of development methodology has ever been applied to such an extreme before so I figured I'd document it. In a nutshell, it's sort of like test-driven triplet-programming development. While speed-developing our alpha codebase, four of us sat around a table in the office...
ethereum foundation is hiring an executive director
Stiftung Ethereum, the Zug, Switzerland-based Ethereum Foundation –ethereum.org, is seeking to immediately fill the Executive Director position within the Foundation. The role involves defining and discharging the day-to-day business of the Foundation and leading the organization at the executive level. The successful candidate will have significant experience in corporate finance...
ethereum foundation open call re: board selection
With Ethereum getting close to its first official launch with Frontier, we have spent the last week of February at our holon in Switzerland discussing what the future of the Ethereum Foundation is going to look like. Since the start of the project, one of our primary dreams has been...
the end of the beginning…
Gavin Wood announces the Olympic testnet phase with incentivized testing before the Frontier release, offering prizes for mining, gas usage, and finding bugs
another ethereum dev update
Been a while, I know, but then these are rather busy days. I'm writing this from a Starbucks in Shanghai sitting behind the Great Firewall, able to peep out only occasionally. I've been in Asia with Marek for the last couple of weeks, mainly for meetups, workshops and technical meetings....
on abstraction
Special thanks to Gavin Wood, Vlad Zamfir, our security auditors and others for some of the thoughts that led to the conclusions described in this post One of Ethereum's goals from the start has been to bring cryptocurrency 2.0 technology to as high a level of abstraction as possible. Instead...
announcing the new foundation board and executive director
After an intensive recruitment period, the Ethereum Foundation has selected an Executive Director and named three members to the Board of Directors. This is a new organizational structure, which will allow us to focus on our next phase of development. The Ethereum Foundation is a not for profit ('Stiftung') organization...
ethereum launches
A few minutes ago, many of you generated and loaded the Ethereum Genesis block, marking the inception of Frontier, the first Live release of the Ethereum project. The Dev team joins me in thanking each and everyone of you for your support during the past year and half. It's incredible...
on public and private blockchains
Over the last year the concept of "private blockchains" has become very popular in the broader blockchain technology discussion. What are the practical differences between public and private blockchains? There are generally three categories of blockchain-like database applications: Public blockchains: A blockchain that anyone in the world can read, send...
▶ consensys dapp-a-thon recap
A recap video of the ConsenSys dApp-a-thon, one of the first Ethereum hackathons held around the time of Ethereum's mainnet launch in 2015.
devcon one postponed until further notice
Unfortunately we were not able to secure the venue for devcon one in London on the dates desired (October 5th-8th). As a consequence we are postponing the event until further notice. Please do not make travel plans at this time. Updates will be forthcoming on the devcon one website ....
a message from stephan tual
To the wonderful Ethereum Community, You often heard me say at conferences that Ethereum was not a company, a foundation, an implementation, or an individual. Ethereum is both an idea and an ideal, encompassing the first censorship-resistant network build specifically to enable those who need it the most to safely...
▶ consensys dapp-a-thon 2 recap
Recap of the 48-hour ConsenSys dApp-a-thon hackathon held August 14-16, 2015, where 12 teams built decentralized applications on Ethereum using BlockApps, EtherCamp IDE, and Lightwallet.
ethereum comms announcement
The foundation is currently in the phase of restructuring its communications activities. Several members of our current communications team in London are soon leaving or reducing their involvement in the Foundation in order to pursue for-profit ventures on top of the Ethereum ecosystem; we wish them the best of luck....
devcon is back!
DevCon 1 will be happening in London on November 9-13, a little over one hundred days since the Ethereum network launched. Over the last months, we've seen the network grow from a few hundred nodes starting on that one exciting and special night to a very substantial, globally deployed stable...
the evolution of ethereum
Many of you know that the Ethereum platform grew out of the realization that blockchains can go far beyond currency, together with a frustration with the limitations of previous projects. The core idea was simple: a blockchain with a built-in Turing-complete programming language, allowing users to build any kind of...
nick szabo confirmed as keynote speaker of ethereum's devcon1
London, United Kingdom, October 22nd - The Ethereum Foundation is pleased to announce the Keynote Speaker of Ethereum's annual conference DΞVCON1, Nick Szabo. Nick's keynote will focus on the history of the blockchain, smart contracts and assets on the blockchain. Nick is a computer scientist, legal scholar and cryptographer known...
microsoft to sponsor ethereum's devcon1
London, United Kingdom, October 28th - Ethereum is happy to announce that Microsoft will sponsor and attend DΞVCON1, the premier Ethereum developer conference. Marley Gray, Director of Technology Strategy US Financial Services at Microsoft said, "Microsoft is excited to sponsor and attend Ethereum's DevCon1. We find the Ethereum blockchain incredibly...
devcon1
The first public Ethereum developer conference held in London, UK
ethereum foundation internal update
Now that Ethereum has launched and is rapidly nearing its Homestead phase, over the last few months we at the Ethereum Foundation have finally had the chance to have some breathing room and plan our strategies with a more long-term view. From a development perspective, we have now started in...
the last blog post
Gavin Wood's farewell blog post announcing his departure from the Ethereum Foundation to pursue new ventures, reflecting on his journey and the future ahead
cut and try: building a dream
Last month marked the 2 year anniversary of Ethereum's public announcement at The North American Bitcoin Conference in Miami, Florida, USA. Amid much rumour and excitement, a sizeable crowd mobbed the young Vitalik Buterin after his on-stage announcement, questioning the merit and his desire to build such a system. It...
dream job – working for ethereum foundation
Bob Summerwill announces he will be starting as a part-time contractor for the Ethereum Foundation, working on the Ethereum C++ client after months of obsessive work via doublethink.co
homestead release
Update: We've released version 1.3.5 including networking hotfix for homestead 1.3.4. Development of Ethereum started in December 2013 when two developers and a college dropout researcher decided to put their heads together and develop this amazing piece of technology. We were later joined by many like-minded individuals. Our first Proof...
serenity poc2
After an additional two months of work after the release of the first python proof of concept release of Serenity, I am pleased to announce that Serenity PoC2 is now available. Although the release continues to be far from a testnet-ready client, much less a production-ready one, PoC2 brings with...
a brief history of digix (more pictures than words)
A photographic timeline of Digix's journey from December 2014 to March 2016, documenting the company's inception in Singapore, collaboration with the Ethereum Foundation, and development of their Proof of Asset Protocol
on settlement finality
Special thanks to Tim Swanson for reviewing, and for further discussions on the arguments in his original paper on settlement finality. Recently one of the major disputes in ongoing debate between public blockchain and permissioned blockchain proponents is the issue of settlement finality. Decentralized systems may provide finality, or they...
critical update re: dao vulnerability
An attack has been found and exploited in the DAO, and the attacker is currently in the process of draining the ether contained in the DAO into a child DAO. The attack is a recursive calling vulnerability, where an attacker called the "split" function, and then calls the split function...
▶ gavin wood presentation hack of the dao smart contract and options ethereum community
Gavin Wood presents on the DAO smart contract hack and options for the Ethereum community, Dutch Blockchain Conference, June 20, 2016
▶ gavin wood on how $60m hack of dao happened and what to do next
Gavin Wood explains how the $60M DAO hack happened and what to do next, Dutch Blockchain Conference, June 21, 2016
to fork or not to fork
The DAO, though not a product developed by the Ethereum Foundation, has been a hot topic as of late, both internally in the organisation as well as within our community. The Hard Fork is a delicate topic and the way we see it, no decision is the right one. As...
hard fork completed
We would like to congratulate the Ethereum community on a successfully completed hard fork. Block 1920000 contained the execution of an irregular state change which transferred ~12 million ETH from the "Dark DAO" and "Whitehat DAO" contracts into the WithdrawDAO recovery contract. The fork itself took place smoothly, with roughly...
devcon2
The second public Ethereum developer conference held in Shanghai, China
enterprise ethereum alliance
A trade association of enterprises using Ethereum for enterprise applications, launched in 2017.
devcon3
The third public Ethereum developer conference held in Cancun, Mexico
farewell and welcome
It is with sadness that we announce that Ming Chan, who has served as Executive Director at the Ethereum Foundation for nearly three years, is leaving the Foundation. Since her arrival in 2015, she has played a critical role in the development and success of the Foundation. Ming Chan's Accomplishments...
to infinity and beyond!
Dear Ethereum community (and wonderful Etherheads!), Today, January 31, 2018, is my last day as Executive Director of the Ethereum Foundation. Reflecting on the Journey I'm pleased to have been able to guide the Foundation as ED with my fellow directors, team leads, and outstanding group of team members, each...
devcon4
The fourth public Ethereum developer conference held in Prague, Czech Republic.
the cryptopians
The Cryptopians: Idealism, Greed, Lies, and the Making of the First Big Cryptocurrency Craze. The story of the idealists, technologists, and opportunists fighting to bring cryptocurrency to the masses.
▶ early days of ethereum - episode 1
The first episode of the Early Days of Ethereum video series, independently produced by the co-Founders of BlockApps.
▶ early days of ethereum - episode 2
The second episode of the Early Days of Ethereum video series, continuing the exploration of Ethereum's founding period.
▶ early days of ethereum - episode 3 - bob summerwill
Episode 3 of the Early Days of Ethereum video series features Bob Summerwill discussing his journey in blockchain and Ethereum.
ethereum rescue and restructure plan
In late 2014 Ethereum was in trouble. Vitalik Buterin asked Steven Nerayoff to do a full diagnostic assessment and recommendations on how to save Ethereum and restructure it for long term success.
▶ early days of ethereum - episode 4 - taylor gerring
After a long hiatus since episode 3, Taylor Gerring joined as a guest to talk about his experiences in the very early days of the Ethereum project, starting in December 2013.
▶ early days of ethereum - episode 5 - anthony 'texture' d'onofrio
Anthony D'Onofrio ('Texture') was Ethereum's first 'community guy' and shared his unique perspective starting from the very earliest days of the project.
▶ early days of ethereum - episode 6 - christoph jentzsch
Christophe Jentzsch joined ETHDEV shortly after the crowdsale and built all the cross-client testing infrastructure. He founded Slock.it, focused on smartlocks and IoT. Slock.it were the creators of The DAO, Ethereum's first 'killer app'
▶ early days of ethereum - episode 7 - jacob czepluch
Jacob was an intern at ETHDEV in late 2015, so was a fly-on-the-wall in the Berlin office as the C++ team was defunded. He had earlier founded the Copenhagen Ethereum Meetup
▶ early days of ethereum - episode 8 - michael parenti
Michael Parenti was a Bitcoiner from the very early days, working for the Bitcoin Foundation and later very involved in Ethereum
▶ early days of ethereum - episode 9 - amir taaki
Bitcoin developer and privacy technologist Amir Taaki recounts finding Bitcoin, early development (Libbitcoin and BIPs), Dark Wallet, meeting Vitalik Buterin, and his perspective on Ethereum’s early days and DarkFi.
▶ early days of ethereum - episode 10 - viktor trón
Ethereum Foundation early employee Viktor Trón shares his journey from BBC News Labs and the London Bitcoin scene to becoming one of the first Geth developers and founding the Swarm project. He discusses discovering Ethereum through Gavin Wood's February 2014 presentation, the Web3 vision's Holy Trinity (Ethereum, Swarm, Whisper), decentralized storage architecture, and Swarm's path to independence.
▶ early days of ethereum - episode 11 - ryan taylor
A dual-interview at Dark Prague's ZK AV Club, where Ryan Taylor and Bob Summerwill take turns interviewing each other. Ryan built the original Ethereum website from his role as Bitcoin Magazine's webmaster alongside Vitalik and Mihai Alisie. Bob shares the origins of the Early Days of Ethereum project. They discuss forgotten early contributors, the deleted Ethereum GitHub repo, decentralized storage, and preserving crypto history.
Undated
alethone
Early GUI mining software. Built in Qt.
cpp-ethereum
The C++ Ethereum client software, led by Gavin Wood. It was the leading client until the Frontier launch.
ethcore
Commercial Ethereum development company founded in the UK by Gavin Wood, Björn Wagner, and Jutta Steiner. Later renamed to Parity Technologies.
ethereum timeline (legacy)
An attempt at building up some canonical history of the Ethereum Project and the Ethereum Foundation, documenting key events, videos, and milestones from 2013-2017.
geth ("go-ethereum")
The Go-Ethereum client software, which has dominated usage since 2014.
gnosis
Originally a predictions market launched in 2015. Later there were numerous projects under that banner.
hydrachain
Early permissioned Python client, based on pyethereum.
parity technologies
Commercial blockchain company which evolved from Ethcore, branching out from Ethereum early to focus on Polkadot.
pyethereum
Python library, client and other tools, started by Vitalik Buterin in December 2013.
remix
Browser-based IDE for Ethereum development. This was initiated in 2016 as a replacement for the earlier C++ Mix IDE, written in Qt.